Summary
Genetic Sequencing vs Computing
Genetic Sequencing vs Computing
这周有一篇文章,详细介绍了Ultima Genomics和相关的玩家。
这个市场目前主要被Illumina垄断,这个股票也是一直拿着很高的premium。
有两家长测序的公司PacBio和Nanopore在过去被认为可以挑战垄断的情况。Illumina曾经尝试收购PacBio,结果被英国的CMA阻止了。其实,PacBio的业绩一直都不怎么样。
Nanopore的业绩好一些,产品很有特点。便携,更多的依赖电脑和软件,还和Nvidia有合作。
留意到他的机器做genome sequencing也需要1000美元左右。Ultima号称可以100美元就完成类似的测试,主要的设计特点是用了silicon wafer
Ultima streamlined the process by spraying the DNA-laden beads by the billions onto round silicon wafers the size of dessert plates.
Nozzles above each wafer gently squirt out bases and other reagents, which spread thinly and evenly across the wafer as it rotates, reducing the amount of these expensive materials needed.
这种利用芯片技术的溢出,让我想起了Ouster和iPhone里面的Lidar
I found Apple's announcement particularly interesting because I've been working on a story about companies that are using the same combination of technologies—VCSEL lasers and SPAD detectors—to build much more powerful lidar for the automotive market. One of the big selling points of VCSELs and SPADs is that they can be created using conventional semiconductor fabrication techniques. As a result, they benefit from the huge economies of scale in the semiconductor industry. As VCSEL-based sensors become more common, they are likely to steadily get cheaper and better.
所以芯片技术作为人类最尖端的技术之一,有着广泛的应用范围。
如果把Illumina看作Mainframe,Ultima有可能跳过了MiniComputer,直接进入了Server时代。而Nanopore可以被当作PC。做便携的公司还有几家
But high-throughput sequencing “is not always good for clinical practice even if it is good economics,” says Greg Elgar, a genome biologist at Genomics England, because sometimes a physician needs just one or a few people’s genomes analyzed. Other companies with new flow cells and chemistries can economically sequence small numbers of genomes. At last week’s meeting, Element Biosciences CEO Molly He reported the company is now shipping benchtop sequencers that can sequence three human genomes at a time, at a cost of $560 each. Another company, Singular Genomics, also promises benchtop technology that doesn’t require high throughput for cost savings.
成本下降,便携性提升,自然可以想到以后的基因测序会进入到App时代。但是先行者都没有找到killer app,Invitae,Myriad这一类公司都很普通。而Guardant这样做早期筛查还需要一段时间才能做出结果。
前几周的这个用PD1治疗早期癌症患者的新闻还是很让人兴奋,如果基于基因检测的早筛成功,那癌症有可能就会变成一种可治愈的病了。
It was a small trial, just 18 rectal cancer patients, every one of whom took the same drug. But the results were astonishing. The cancer vanished in every single patient, undetectable by physical exam, endoscopy, PET scans or M.R.I. scans. Dr. Luis A. Diaz Jr. of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, an author of a paper published Sunday in the New England Journal of Medicine describing the results, which were sponsored by the drug company GlaxoSmithKline, said he knew of no other study in which a treatment completely obliterated a cancer in every patient. “I believe this is the first time this has happened in the history of cancer,” Dr. Diaz said. (Source: nytimes.com)
最后,芯片技术在下一代,不会只是在光刻机上做文章,而是多个维度。链接
The big opportunity that Applied talked about extensively is backside power delivery network (BS-PDN). BS-PDN is such a big deal you might as well call this the extension beyond Gate All Around (GAA) to 1/2nm nodes. The roadmaps of both Intel and TSMC’s competitiveness hinge heavily on BS-PDN implementations. It’s not hyperbole to say the entire Intel turnaround hinges on this technology. So let's learn exactly what it is.
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